Constraints on a Minimal Hidden Photon with Kaluza-Klein
Excitations in Large Extra Dimensions

Abstract

The major purpose of this work is to combine the minimal-hidden-photon model with Large Extra Dimensions (LED). This involves confining the Standard- Model photon to a 3-brane, whilst allowing the hidden photon and graviton to occupy the higher-dimensional bulk. After integrating out the extra dimensions both the hidden photon and graviton obtain a tower of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes. The Standard-Model photon obtains no KK modes, in accordance with experiment. The work begins with a discussion of the minimal hidden photon with-out KK modes, including the current constraints. In most cases existing constraints are simply quoted or rederived, but for some experiments original constraints are produced. For example new constraints from atomic spectra are produced. Significant modifications are also made to the published constraint
from the SN1987a energy-loss experiment. This means properly accounting for the plasma mass of the electron, and also accounting for the modification of the kinetic-mixing parameter in a plasma. Finally constraints are produced for the minimal-hidden-photon model with KK modes.