The performance and application of cross flow fans for automotive engine cooling systems

Abstract

The work reported centres on the application of cross flow fan units to provide forced air flow over the radiator used for engine cooling. It is shown that a cooling system in which the airflow is ducted through the vehicle would lead to a significant reduction in vehicle drag. A ducted system allows more exact prediction of performance, and can be more easily designed in conjunction with across flow fan, that has rectangular inlet and outlet sections, and an ability to form 'S', 'L' and 'U' airflow geometries. This shape advantage of the cross flow fan also allows the use of radiators with a higher aspect ratio that could in turn permit lower bonnet lines on vehicles with a further reduction in aerodynamic drag. At higher vehicle speeds adequate cooling is usually provided by ram airflow through the cooling system. An airflow by-pass arrangement controlled by a balance valve has been devised and tested. The operation of this valve was found to be stable and smooth, and extremely beneficial in reducing the total system resistance and increasing fan performance under ram airflow conditions. A computer model has been developed and a programme produced to facilitate matching of the air circuit, fan and motor. Examples illustrate the use of this in the design of a system for a 1,6 litre passenger vehicle, with maximum b.h.p. in second gear being taken as the most critical engine condition for cooling performance.