the origins and treatment of derelict land in county Durham

Abstract

The study considers the programme of derelict land reclamation carried out in County Durham, which was largely dictated by considerations of economic development and visual impact. The origins of derelict land are however widespread and were originally related to the sources of raw materials. The geological background to mineral recovery in the county is therefore examined as this strongly influenced the extent and pattern of industrial development which subsequently became derelict.County Durham has, to a large extent, been dominated by coal. Records of past mining are examined and compared with those for derelict and reclaimed land. The nature of potential problems is assessed and categorised, noting especially the particular case of coke products and the impact of opencast mining. The same basic procedure is then followed for other minerals such as iron and vein minerals including lead. Surface extraction of clay and rock is considered in conjunction with the problems of waste disposal. Having looked at the origins, distribution, history and problems of suspect sites, the nature of the risk is assessed using recommended procedures, including verification of on-site conditions. Sites are then reviewed, in the light of government policy, to determine the need or otherwise for further examination or treatment. Consideration is given to pollution standards and other influences which may affect future policy. Conclusions are finally drawn on the effectiveness of the methodology used in this study and recommendations are given for further evaluation to ensure compliance with current standards. These include broad screening exercises leading in some cases to detailed investigations. Revision of records to enable easy analysis, should future legislation require this, would be a logical next step.