The transmission of electricity in England and Wales; land use, and amenity aspects

Abstract

Transmission of electricity is performed at 132, 275 and 400 kilovolts and is the responsibility of the Central Electricity Generating Board. The distribution of electricity at lower voltages is the responsibility of Area Boards. This thesis is solely concerned with the former. The first part deals with the historical development of the industry and the linking of many separate electricity undertakings, to provide economies from the reduction of spare generating plant, and security of supply. The factors determining the locations of coal, oil and nuclear power stations examined. The geographical pattern that results from the location of generating plant and of demand for electricity, determines the shape and size of the transmission network. Transmission is effected by overhead lines and underground cables, and the effects of both on the use of land and amenity are examined. Substations are required to switch electricity from one circuit to another and to transform it between voltages. Because of their size and the engineering considerations affecting their location they may also have a major effect on the land use and amenity of their surroundings. An overhead line and a substation that were both the subject of public inquiries are treated as case studies. The design of towers and insulators investigated to see whether engineering requirements arc considered or modified to take account of aesthetics. The screening of lines and substations by ground shaping and tree planting is frequently required by local Planning Authorities. The Board's attitude to this work, is evident from public inquiries and recent example of executed landscaping work. The thesis is illustrated with diagrams, maps and photographs.